Assessment of the contraceptive efficacy of the aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos Corr. leaves in male albino rats

Abstract

The present study was conducted to evaluate the contraceptive effect of an aqueous extract from the leaves of Aegle marmelos (AMLAq) on the reproductive organs of male rats with an emphasis on reversibility. Adult male rats were treated daily with different doses of AMLAq, i.e. 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg bw/day for 60 days. The data presented in this study demonstrate that the weight of the reproductive organs was reduced significantly in all the treatment groups. AMLAq induced a significant decrease in the sperm motility and sperm density of the Cauda epididymis and testes. The reduction in fertility was 50%, 85% and 100%, respectively, in the treatment groups. The testosterone level also significantly declined. Biochemical analysis of the reproductive tissues for sialic acid, protein, glycogen, fructose, ascorbic acid, acid and alkaline phosphatase indicated a significant decrease whereas testicular cholesterol level significantly increased indicating alterations in the biochemical milieu of the genital organs. Fertility and other effects gradually returned to control levels 120 days after cessation of treatment. No clinical signs of side effects on general metabolism were detected throughout the treatment, and after withdrawal, body weight gain was similar in all groups together with no alterations in the weight of vital organs', hematological and serological parameters.