Abstract
Background Antimicrobials used for the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections are mainly released nonmetabolized into the aquatic environment via wastewater. Sometimes, unused therapeutic drugs are released down the drains that could act as selective pressure for the development of resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the bacteriological profile of wastewater in health facilities and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1 to December 26, 2020, in health facility wastewater. A total of 128 samples were collected from health facilities for bacteriological analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Result A total of 128 samples were processed, and 81 bacterial isolates were recovered. The most common bacterial isolates were S. aureus (16/81 (19.8%)) followed by Klebsiella spp. (15/81 (18.5%)), E. coli (13/81 (16%)), P. aeruginosa (10/81 (12.3%)), Enterobacter spp. (8/81 (9.9%)), Citrobacter spp. (7/81 (8.6%)), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (5/81 (6.2%)), Salmonella spp. (5/81 (6.2%)), and Shigella spp. (2/81 (2.5%)). A majority of isolates were resistant to ampicillin (62/81 (76.5%)). Only few isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (11/81 (13.6%)), chloramphenicol (13/81 (16%)), and kanamycin (8/54 (14.8%)). A majority of bacterial isolates (57/81 (70.4%)) were multidrug resistant (MDR). Conclusion Wastewater from the health facilities contains antibiotic-resistant including multidrug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, health facility wastewater should be treated by appropriate wastewater treatment before being released into the environment.
Highlights
Antimicrobials used for the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections are mainly released nonmetabolized into the aquatic environment via wastewater
Sometimes, unused therapeutic drugs are released down the drains that could act as selective pressure for the development of resistance. e aim of this study was to assess the bacteriological profile of wastewater in health facilities and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates
International Journal of Microbiology directly into the environment which is a major problem [8, 9]. e aim of this study was to assess the bacteriological profile of wastewater in health facilities and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates in Arba Minch, Ethiopia, where wastewater from the health facilities is released into the environment without treatment
Summary
Antimicrobials used for the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections are mainly released nonmetabolized into the aquatic environment via wastewater. E aim of this study was to assess the bacteriological profile of wastewater in health facilities and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates. A majority of bacterial isolates (57/81 (70.4%)) were multidrug resistant (MDR). Wastewater from the health facilities contains antibiotic-resistant including multidrug-resistant bacteria. Erefore, health facility wastewater should be treated by appropriate wastewater treatment before being released into the environment. E amount of antibiotics present in hospitals discharge into effluent results, a selection pressure on bacteria [4]. E aim of this study was to assess the bacteriological profile of wastewater in health facilities and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates in Arba Minch, Ethiopia, where wastewater from the health facilities is released into the environment without treatment International Journal of Microbiology directly into the environment which is a major problem [8, 9]. e aim of this study was to assess the bacteriological profile of wastewater in health facilities and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates in Arba Minch, Ethiopia, where wastewater from the health facilities is released into the environment without treatment
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