Abstract
The study aims to document the level of contamination of the aquatic ecosystem of the Cotonou-Lake Nokoué canal hydrographic complex by multidrug-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes. For this purpose, water samples were taken from several points of the complex and from the sediments at the depth of the lake. Samples of several species of freshly caught fish products from the lake were also collected. Bacteriological analyses were carried out according to the AFNOR standard (NF U: 47–100). The identification of the different bacterial species isolated was then carried out using the API 20E gallery and specific biochemical tests. The antibiogram of the strains was performed according to the recommendations of the EUCAST. Molecular characterization of the identified strains was carried out by searching for resistance and virulence genes. The results obtained revealed the presence of several bacterial species in water samples and in sediment and intestine samples of fishery products with a predominance of Gram-negative bacilli. The resistance profile of Gram-negative bacilli showed a total resistance to metronidazole (100%). 23% of the strains were also resistant to ciprofloxacin, 41% to amoxicillin, and 60% to aztreonam. Of the Gram-positive cocci identified, 66% was resistant to vancomycin, 7.5% to ciprofloxacin, 71% to erythromycin, and 22% to tetracycline. Regarding the genes sought, blaTEM (46%), blaSHV (24%), and blaCTX-M-15 (31%) were present in the genome of Gram-negative bacilli as resistance genes and fimH (41%) as virulence gene. As for Gram-positive cocci, the van B gene was completely absent. The van A was present at 6.25% in Staphylococcus aureus and mecA at 21.88 and 33.33%, respectively, in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci strains. The high resistance of isolated bacterial strains is a matter of concern and calls for a rational use of antibiotics in order to avoid the transmission of antibiotic resistance from the environment to humans.
Highlights
Antimicrobial resistance has become a public health issue that affects both the environment and public health [1]
In order to better understand this current public health problem, the present study sets out to document the level of bacterial contamination of the aquatic ecosystem of the Cotonou-Lake Nokouechannel hydrographic complex and to shed light on a few resistance and virulence genes carried by these bacteria in their genome
Each species of fish collected was emptied from the intestines, and 25 g of intestines of each sample was enriched in 225 ml buffered peptone water (BPW) and incubated for 18 hours at 37°C. e sediment samples were enriched with 25 g introduced into 225 ml of BPW for 24 hours at 37°C
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance has become a public health issue that affects both the environment and public health [1]. Pollution by microorganisms in rivers and lakes is a major concern for the protection of watershed water quality and public health management [9]. 6∘23′10′′N multidrug resistance to antibiotics remains a major public health problem worldwide, in both developed and developing countries. It causes approximately 700,000 deaths each year from antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections [11]. In order to better understand this current public health problem, the present study sets out to document the level of bacterial contamination of the aquatic ecosystem of the Cotonou-Lake Nokouechannel hydrographic complex and to shed light on a few resistance and virulence genes carried by these bacteria in their genome
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