Abstract
BackgroundMultidrug-resistant pathogens are resistant to many antibiotics and associated with serious infections. Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, Sanguisorba officinalis, Terminalia chebula Retz and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, are all used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) against multidrug-resistant pathogens, and the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-virulence activity of extracts derived from them.MethodsThe antibacterial activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts from these four plants was examined against several multi-drug resistant bacterial strains, and their anti-virulence potential (including quorum quenching activity, biofilm inhibition, and blocking production of virulence factor δ-toxin) was assessed against different S. aureus strains. The chemical composition of the most effective extract was determined by LC-FTMS.ResultsOnly extracts from S. officinalis and A. tsaoko were shown to exhibit limited growth inhibition activity at a dose of 256 μg·mL-1. The S. officinalis ethanol extract, the ethanol and aqueous extract of A. tsaoko, and the aqueous extract of S. miltiorrhiza all demonstrated quorum quenching activity, but didn’t significantly inhibit bacterial growth. The ethanol extract of S. officinalis inhibited bacterial toxin production and biofilm formation at low concentrations. Chemical composition analysis of the most effective extract of S. officinalis showed that it mainly contained saponins.ConclusionsThe most active extract tested in this study was the ethanol root extract of S. officinalis. It inhibited δ-toxin production and biofilm formation at low concentrations and saponins may be its key active components. While the four plants showed no direct antibacterial effects, their anti-virulence properties may be key to fighting bacterial infections.
Highlights
Multidrug-resistant pathogens are resistant to many antibiotics and associated with serious infections
We examined the antibacterial activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts from these plants against the following multi-drug resistant bacterial strains, A. baumannii, E. aerogenes, E. cloacae, E. faecium, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus, and tested their anti-virulence potential against various S. aureus strains
Preparation of the different extracts Four plants commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) (fruits of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et (#:20180705), root of Sanguisorba officinalis (#:1811096), fruits of Terminalia chebula (#:1811035) and root of Salvia miltiorrhiza (#:1811035) were purchased from Sichuan Neo-Green Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd. (Pengzhou, China), in September 2018 and identified by Prof
Summary
Multidrug-resistant pathogens are resistant to many antibiotics and associated with serious infections. Overuse or abuse of antibiotics has led to bacterial resistance becoming a serious global public health problem [1]. The antibiotic resistance levels of a large number of drugresistant pathogens, including Enterobacteriaceae, Campylobacter, and Candida, are increasing [3]. Are about to be become, resistant to almost all antibiotics, such as the Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and the multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter [4]. The consequences of drug-resistant bacteria infections are serious and can include an extended duration of illness, longer hospital stays, higher mortality rates, and increased hospitalization costs [5]. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics threatens health, and brings economic losses
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