Abstract
Water from some sources may contain so much salt that it is unsuitable for irrigation because of potential danger to the soil or crops. Irrigation water quality can best be determined by chemical laboratory analysis. The main objectives of this study are to assess the surface water quality for irrigation, and to present solutions for managing and protecting these resources in Assiut area. To achieve that, thirty surface water samples were collected from River Nile and main irrigation canals. Chemical analysis was carried out and analyzed for major and trace elements according to the irrigation water guidelines of (FAO 1985), and (Rowe, et al. 1995), taking into account the spatial variations and the representation of the hydro chemical data. The results show that 97% of surface water samples lie within no restriction on use level and 3% is represent slight to moderate restoration on use according to TDS concentrations. 97 % of surface water samples belongs to (C2-S1) good water for irrigation all crops in all soils and 3 % belongs to (C3 -S1) good water for irrigation all crops in all soils under ordinary and specific condition like adequate drainage and leaching According U.S. salinity laboratory staff classification depend on (EC, TDS and SAR). Where 87% Excellent water for irrigation sensitive all crops and low likelihood of soil problems According Boron content. Consequently, it is recommended to prevent the sewage and domestic waste water, and the industrial waste water from direct disposal without treatment to the irrigation canals and River Nile; controlling the use of fertilizers and pesticides in the agriculture purposes; selected the suitable crops for every sector (area) according to the chemical characters of the available irrigation water and soil properties.
Highlights
All the PH values of surface water samples are within the recommended limits of FAO (1985), except at sites no. 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 16, which exhibit more than the recommended limits
All the total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations in surface water samples are within the recommended limits of FAO (1985) indicating none restoration on use, except at sites no. 10 and 29; these are considered as belonging to the slight to moderate restoration on use
All the Boron concentrations at surface water samples belong to the safe limits of irrigation water for the sensitive crops, except 16% of surface water samples which are good for irrigation of Sensitive crop group and excellent for irrigation of semi- tolerant and tolerant crops
Summary
Surface water are mainly exposed to contamination with hazardous industrial waste, fertilizes, and pesticides from agricultural activities, as well as oil pollution brought from ships and oil terminals (EEAAEIMP, 1999 and UN, 2002). Another source of contamination in the study area is the domestic sewage from villages and cities, and human activities. When excessive sodium accumulates in the soil, it causes clay and humus particles to float into and plug up large soil pores This plugging action reduces water movement into and through the soil, crop roots do not get enough water even though water may be standing on the soil surface
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
