Abstract
Soil liquefaction has been observed worldwide during recent major earthquakes with induced effects responsible for much of the damage, disruption of function, and considerable replacement expenses for structures. The phenomenon has not been documented in recent time with such damage in Italian context before the recent Emilia-Romagna Earthquake (May 2012). The main lateral spreading and vertical deformations affected the stability of many buildings and impacted social life inducing valuable lessons on liquefaction risk assessment and remediation. This paper aims first of all to reproduce soil response to liquefaction-induced lateral effects and thus to evaluate stone column mitigation technique effectiveness by gradually increasing the extension of remediation, in order to achieve a satisfactory lower level of permanent deformations. The study is based on the use of a FE computational interface able to analyse the earthquake-induced three-dimensional pore pressure generation adopting one of the most credited nonlinear theories in order to assess realistically the displacements connected to lateral spreading.
Highlights
Liquefaction-induced deformations are one of the most dangerous collapse situations that can affect structures causing significant consequences such as damage, disruption of function, and considerable replacement expenses
The results show that the pick value
A parametric study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of stone column (SC) mitigation technique by gradually increasing the extension of remediation, in order to achieve a satisfactory lower level of permanent deformation
Summary
Liquefaction-induced deformations are one of the most dangerous collapse situations that can affect structures causing significant consequences such as damage, disruption of function, and considerable replacement expenses. During the recent Italian Emilia-Romagna Earthquakes (May 20 and May 29), liquefaction main effects were consequences of the first of these shocks (M = 5.9). The most significant phenomena of liquefaction have been observed in San Carlo settlement (located about 17 km from the epicentre), under the municipality of Sant’Agostino, near Ferrara. The main lateral and vertical deformations induced local and global instability to the buildings and roads closure. Many other typical postearthquake effects were observed such as uniform or differential settlements, sand boils, lateral spreading, soil raptures, water out coming, and many secondary effects. The aim of this paper is to assess stone columns as a mitigation procedure to liquefaction-induced effects applied to Italian earthquakes
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