Assessment of STI screening in Romania using a multiplex PCR technique.

Alecsandra Iulia Grad,Loredana Ungureanu,Alexandru Dumitru Tătaru,Mihaela Laura Vica,Horea Vladi Matei,Costel Vasile Siserman

doi:10.3855/jidc.11989

Abstract

Most sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are curable, but inappropriate treatment can lead to serious complications. The importance of setting up STI screening programs has been highlighted in various studies, the absence of such national programs accounting for the lack of STI statistics in Romania. The purpose of our study was to evaluate multiplex PCR as a screening method for the most common 6 STIs and establish their frequency in a group of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. We aimed to highlight STI associations and correlations between STI pathogens and symptomatology, demographic status, antecedents or sexual partners. A total of 249 patients, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, were included in this study. Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseia gonorrhoeae (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), Mycoplasma hominis (MH) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) were all identified in urine samples via multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The SPSS IBM program was employed for statistical analysis. 32.12% of the patients were found positive, some presenting multiple infections. The results are representative for the Romanian male population. 107 STI pathogens were identified, most frequent being CT, UU and NG. Several statistical correlations between patient characteristics and the presence of STIs have been demonstrated. The results suggest that multiplex PCR meets all the prerequisites for a screening method, allowing the use of multiple specimens and enabling simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens in a short period of time. STI identification via multiplex PCR proved to be an effective method for quantifying their frequency in Romania.

Highlights

Most sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are curable, but inappropriate treatment can lead to serious complications
107 Sexually transmitted infections (STI) pathogens were identified in the samples, the most common being Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), which was present in half of the positive patients
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is an adequate method for the diagnosis of STIs, allowing the use of multiple specimens and simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens

Summary

Introduction

Most sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are curable, but inappropriate treatment can lead to serious complications. The purpose of our study was to evaluate multiplex PCR as a screening method for the most common 6 STIs and establish their frequency in a group of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Transmitted infections (STI) are regarded as common diseases and the increasing number of asymptomatic forms lead to their under-diagnosis and wide dissemination, undiagnosed patients acting as source for further contamination of other individuals. Any sexually active individual is at risk of developing a STI at some point, certain factors definitely increase the risk of a sexual infection: multiple or frequently changed intercourse partners, prostitution, cervical ectopia, lack of condom use, delay of medical consultation, lack of therapeutic compliance, low socio-economic and educational status or failure to have all sexual partners tested and committed to treatment [4,5,6]. The young age (under 25) at the first sexual intercourse, the number of recent sexual partners, recent partner changes, a history of STI, alcohol or drug use are contributing factors for developing STIs [8]

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