Assessment of spring waters from Lourdes (France) by contact angle method

Abstract

The geochemical investigations on karst spring waters in the area of Lourdes showed differences between the waters for numerous components, including main solutes and trace elements. In this study, a multidisciplinary approach was proposed, based on the surface free energy of solids and the surface tension of liquids using the contact angle method, by raising the hypothesis that different spring waters diverge in surface tension characteristics, which allow to discriminate waters origin in a natural system. Surface energy characteristics of spring waters from Batsurguère Valley were investigated here using the contact angle measured over time and the tangent method in relation to the variations of the droplet volume. Wettability of various test solids was analyzed using static and kinetic contact angle methods which led to the individuation of the spring waters on the base of the different adhesion processes occurring at the interface between water and solid, particularly on the silica glass solid. The analyses demonstrated that the surface tensiometry technique can discriminate one of such spring waters (i.e. the Massabielle spring) from other studied spring waters, regardless of their natural hydrological conditions. Contact angle hysteresis in kinetic modality, based on several repeated and extemporary set of experiment determinations, suggested a link between the water chemistry and the wettability over time of the test solids, confirming that chemical composition has an influence on the surface tension of spring waters. This investigation demonstrates that the surface tensiometry approach may represent a useful tool for monitoring quality of natural waters.