Assessment of Soybean Resistance to Leaf-feeding Insect, Spodoptera litura

Ayda Krisnawati,Mochammad Muchlish Adie,Nuryati Nuryati

doi:10.15294/biosaintifika.v13i1.24794

Ayda Krisnawati, Mochammad Muchlish Adie + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v13i1.24794

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Abstract

One of soybean problem in Indonesia is leaf damage caused by the Spodoptera litura. The aim of the study was to identify the resistance of soybean genotypes againts army worm based on the preference index and morphophysiological characters. 150 soybean genotypes were grown under field condition from February to May 2018 in Malang (East Java, Indonesia). The preference test was conducted in the laboratory using G100H as resistant reference plant to armyworm. The result showed that the preference index was ranged from 0.09-1.82. A total of 105 genotypes showed a low preference index (resistant), 39 genotypes showed a high preference index (susceptible), and a genotype has similar preference index with the reference plant (has equal resistance with G100H). Based on the preference index and morphophysiological characters, 150 soybean genotypes can be grouped into eight clusters. A genotype from cluster VIII (Anjasmoro/Rajabasa-41) has characteristics of low leaf water content, dense leaf trichomes, and the preference index of 0.14. Those characteristics could be the attributes of the soybean genotypes that is resistant to S. litura. The Anjasmoro/Rajabasa-41 was recommended to be cultivated in Indonesian, or may be used as a gene source in the breeding program for S. litura resistance

Highlights

The armyworm, Spodoptera litura, is the most destructive soybean insect pest in Indonesia
The yield loss due to pest attacks can be minimized by using various control methods, such as sex pheromones, biological pesticide such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and SlNPV (Spodoptera litura Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus), and insecticides (Pratiwi et al, 2016; Bedjo, 2017)
In the leaf choice test, the reference plant used as a representative of resistant genotype was G100H

Summary

Introduction

The armyworm, Spodoptera litura, is the most destructive soybean insect pest in Indonesia. The populations of S. litura in soybean cultivated area was highest during the second dry season (June/July September/October). In India, the S. litura population was high in the rainy season and increased in September - October (Babu et al, 2015). The yield loss due to pest attacks can be minimized by using various control methods, such as sex pheromones, biological pesticide such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and SlNPV (Spodoptera litura Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus), and insecticides (Pratiwi et al, 2016; Bedjo, 2017). The excessive use of insecticides has caused high levels of insecticide resistance in armyworm (Shad et al, 2012; Tong et al, 2013). The use of resistant varieties is critical for reducing yield losses (Kuswantoro et al, 2017). The use of resistant variety to insects pests is a part of integrated pest management with potential benefits i.e. environmentally friendly, may protect pests’ natural enemies, can avoid the emergence of resistance or resurgence, and most importantly are adopted by the farmers (Bazok et al, 2011; Bayu et al, 2018)

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