Abstract
Soil pollution is expanding, and soil remediation projects are underway around the world. To make the soil remediation more sustainable, soil remediation project impact assessments have been developed. In this study, the input-output life cycle assessment (IO-LCA) method is used to quantify the environmental, social, and economic impacts of four soil remediation schemes based on three soil remediation techniques (in situ encapsulation (ISE), ex situ thermal desorption (ESTD), and in situ thermal desorption (ISTD)) in an industrial contaminated area of China. The evaluation results showed that the ISE technology was the technology with the lowest cost and the best environmental impact, but it is only suitable for deep contaminated soils. ISTD was the best technique for a comprehensive evaluation. ISE + ESTD were the most suitable alternatives for a project. These evaluation methods will allow soil remediation decision makers to make informed choices. Soil remediation projects can be optimized by selecting appropriate energy sources and reducing NOX and SO2 emissions from natural gas supplies.
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