Assessment of Serum Electrolyte Levels and HbA1C Levels among Type 2 Diabetic Sudanese Patients with Macrovascular Complications in Khartoum State

Abstract

Background: Recently epidemiological studies have shown that type 2 diabetes mellitus is great a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Electrolyte abnormalities are commonly encountered in chronic diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate serum electrolyte levels & HbA1C levels among Sudanese diabetic Patients with macrovascular complications in Khartoum State, Sudan. Materials & Methods: In this case, control hospital based study conducted in Khartoum state. Hundred subjects were involved; fifty were type 2 diabetes patients and fifty healthy subjects control group sex and age matched. Serum Na and K levels were estimated by Automated Biochemistry Analyzer (Easylyte electrolyte) and HbA1C by Automated Biochemistry Analyzer (Mindary Bs380). Result: The mean serum level of sodium and potassium in type 2 diabetes patients was significantly decreased (137.7 ± 4.05 vs 139.8 ± 3.62 mmol/l, p = 0.008 and 3.60 ± 0.20 vs 3.92 ± 0.22 mmol/l, p = 0.03 respectively). Whereas, HA1C level showed significant increases in the test group when compared with reference group (9.68 ± 1.24 vs 5.44% ± 0.42%, p = 0.000). Across gender, our study observed no significant alteration in serum Na and K levels (p > 0.05) in type 2 diabetic patients. Furthermore, serum Na+ level was significantly correlated with K+ (R = 0.369, p = 0.008). Whereas, both Na+ and K+ were in significantly correlated with patients age, HbA1c (%), and duration of DM (p > 0.05). In contrast, HA1C is significantly correlated with the duration of diabetes (R = 0.425, p = 0.002). Conclusion: Our study revealed significant alterations in electrolyte levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus and proper hyperglycemic control with evaluation of electrolyte levels can reduce the complication accompanied with electrolyte disbalance in type 2 DM.