Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the level of knowledge regarding self-care and awareness as well as long-term complications among type 2 diabetic patients in Guyana.
 Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation and West Demerara Regional Hospital Guyana during the period September 2020 and December 2020.
 Results: A total of 200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who met the inclusion criteria were recruited via advertisement and telephone interviews. The data revealed about 66.5% of participants were deemed to have good knowledge with men accounting for the majority. Diabetic foot and hypertension were commonly seen among participants with complications. Significant association was noted with barrier level of patients with the level of education (p=0.001), ethnicity (0.006) and insurance plan (0.03). Adherence to self-care showed statistically significant association with patient’s level of education (p<0.0001), marital status (0.02), employment status (p<0.0001), insurance plan (0.01) and persons living with multiple persons in the household (p<0.0001). Statistically, significant association was also noted among patient’s self-health feeling with level of education (0.004), employment status (p<0.0001), insurance plan (0.01) and persons living with multiple persons in the household (p<0.0001). There was no statistical difference between the hospital clinics neither between the groups of participants.
 Conclusion: In conclusion, the study highlighted gaps in the knowledge of the disease and patient care. Therefore, efforts should be made to enhance patient care by scheduling regular educational sessions and having services such as counselling available to patients.
Highlights
The prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is on the rise globally more than any other disease [1,2]
T2DM known as adult-onset diabetes, was believed to only affect adults, but more recently, it has been reported among children and adolescents with all races being affected [5,6]
In 2016, diabetes was the direct cause of 1.6 million deaths and in 2012 high blood glucose was the cause of another 2.2 million deaths [12]
Summary
The prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is on the rise globally more than any other disease [1,2]. In high-income countries the premature mortality rate due to diabetes decreased from 2000 to 2010 but increased in 2010-2016 [12]. In lower-middleincome countries, the premature mortality rate due to diabetes increased across both periods [12]. Another study revealed diabetes risk allele in genetic predisposition score with a 3% increased risk of CVD [14]. It is worth noting and it is a fact that Diabetes is a major cause of death and disability in the Caribbean [13] and Africa and Asia are said to share similar projections [15]
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