Abstract
This study is primarily focused on Cleveland-Akron-Lorain nonattainment area in northeastern Ohio. The base year 2002 considered in this study witnessed one of the worst cases of ozone pollu- tion in this region with ozone values exceeding previous 8-hour ozone standards of 84 ppb. The photochemical modeling system CAMx was applied to compute relative reduction factors, which were used subsequently to scale the base year (2002) values at the ozone monitoring sites to esti- mate the ozone design values for the year 2009 in Cleveland area for different emissions reduction scenarios. The results disclose that the largest change in the 2009 ozone design values consequent to applying auxiliary emission control strategies is between 1 and 1.5 ppb, which still left certain counties in northeastern Ohio unable to demonstrate attainment. The results are important in the development of emission control strategies in today's context with instillation of even more strin- gent ozone standards and potential future increases in ozone concentrations due to climate change.
Highlights
In the past decade, many of the states in the United States have been actively involved in the development of state implementation plans (SIPS) for the attainment of National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone
This study indicated that simulating the implementation of significant control options for reducing ozone could not demonstrate attainment of the 8-hour ozone standards in the Cleveland-Akron-Lorain moderate nonattainment area
A source apportionment study was conducted in the Cleveland region using the OSAT technology in CAMx for the future base year 2009 to attempt to quantify ozone precursor transport from outside the region as well as endeavor to understand the relative contribution of different sources
Summary
Many of the states in the United States have been actively involved in the development of state implementation plans (SIPS) for the attainment of National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has revised the 8-hour ozone standards to more stringent values based on stricter health considerations. USEPA has issued a draft modeling guidance [4], which necessitates the development of a State Implementation Plan (SIP) that requires a demonstration by the non-attainment regions that the projected future ozone 8-hour ozone concentrations will meet compliance standards. A design value is the calculated concentration used to determine if a monitor is measuring air quality in attainment of a standard. Despite the modeled 8-hour ozone attainment demonstration, USEPA guidance recommends using the average of three consecutive design values
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