Abstract
Soil erosion and associated sedimentation are a natural process caused by water, wind, and ice, several of human’s activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, change in land use, and non-sustainable farming practice tends to accelerate soil erosion. This paper presents the runoff and sediment yield modeling of Dire watershed which is a drainage area of 76.058km2. soil and water assessment tool (SWAT, Version 2012) integrating with ArcGIS (Version10.4) was used to simulate the streamflow and sediment yield of Dire watershed which located in the Awash river basin from 1990 to 2006. The model calibration and validation of streamflow and sediment yield were done using the SWAT_CUP software SUFI2 program. The streamflow data used for model calibration and validation was measured Beke gauge station from 1990 to 2006 but the sediment data use for both calibration and validation were generated using sediment rating curve. Time-series data from 1991 to 2000 were used for both streamflow and sediment calibration and a time series data from 2002 to 2006 was used for validation. Based on this data the model performance was evaluated by using the Coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE). During Flow calibration and validation result the Coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) were 0.9, 0.84, 0.77, and 0.68 respectively. for sediment calibration and validation Coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) were 0.73, 0.66, 0.7, and 0.68 respectively. During the assessment of this study, the average annual sediment yield generated from dire watershed was 108.898 tone/year modeled and sub-basin 3, 2 and 7 were the most eroded sub-basin among 9 sub-basin with annual sediment yield180.534 tons/yr, 155.335, 137.066 tons/yr and 75.770 tons/yr and the average reservoir trap efficiency is 96.27%, the reservoir life expectancy of the Dire dam was 31 years.
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