Assessment of sciatica pain awareness among adults in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Sciatica is a common debilitating condition caused by compression of the sciatic nerve root (L4-S3), often due to narrowing of the vertebral canal or trauma such as vertebral disk protrusion or prolapse. Its peak incidence was in the fourth decade of life and had an annual incidence rate of 1-5%. In Saudi Arabia, with the increasing prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, evaluating public awareness of sciatica is essential. This study aims to assess the level of awareness about sciatica pain among adults in the Makkah region. Methods: A web-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 18 years and above in the Makkah region, Saudi Arabia. The minimum calculated sample size was 385 participants, which was increased to 600 to enhance study robustness. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed via social media. The questionnaire included 15 questions across three sections: sociodemographic characteristics, personal and family history of sciatica, and awareness of sciatica using a three-point Likert scale. Results: The study included 601 participants, with males constituting 54%, individuals aged 20-40 years representing 60%, 50% were employed and 63% had pursued university education or beyond. Approximately 7.5% had a history of sciatica, 64% lacked a family history, and 41% lacked information on sciatica. The mean knowledge score was 9.79±2.16, with 56.7% demonstrating good knowledge. Significant factors influencing sciatica knowledge included age (p=0.013), and education (p=0.047). Higher knowledge levels were associated with personal (OR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.23, 7.07) and family history of sciatica (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.64), and prior information about sciatica (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 2.08, 4.42). Males had significantly lower knowledge of sciatica than females (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.66). Conclusion: The study reveals a moderate level of awareness about sciatica among adults in the Makkah region, with significant gaps influenced by gender, education, and personal or family history of the condition. Enhanced public health initiatives and educational programs are essential to address these gaps and improve patient outcomes.