Assessment of Safe Sleep: Validation of the Parent Newborn Sleep Safety Survey

Abstract

PurposeSudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and suffocation account for more than half of all Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths (SUID). The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations describe the safest environments to protect infants. This study compared parent responses on the Newborn Sleep Safety Survey and observational assessments (N=72) of infant sleep environments in families thought to be at high-risk for non-compliance with AAP recommendations. Design and MethodsA naturalistic study of participants enrolled in two home visitation support programs was used. Observed risks ranged from 36.6% (never use pacifier) to 4.3% (never use firm mattress). ResultsResults comparing report to observation demonstrated acceptable concordance. Five items had fair concordance (Kappa>.4), four showed moderate concordance (Kappa>.6), and one excellent concordance (Kappa>.8). Although direct observation of safety behaviors is the gold standard in the injury prevention field, direct observation is logistically difficult, time consuming, and costly. ConclusionsResearch and interventions aimed at a reduction of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and suffocation require accurate assessment of the infant sleep environment. This study provides acceptable evidence for the use of the Newborn Sleep Safety Survey as an alternative to direct observation to assess parent adherence to recommendations. Limitations are discussed. Practical ImplicationsThis study provided evidence of the usefulness of the Newborn Sleep Safety Survey, a parent survey of infant sleep environments. This tool will provide medical and research professionals a reliable, inexpensive tool to evaluation of the quality of sleep environments using a standard definition.