Abstract
In general, facial image-based remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) methods use color-based and patch-based region-of-interest (ROI) selection methods to estimate the blood volume pulse (BVP) and beats per minute (BPM). Anatomically, the thickness of the skin is not uniform in all areas of the face, so the same diffuse reflection information cannot be obtained in each area. In recent years, various studies have presented experimental results for their ROIs but did not provide a valid rationale for the proposed regions. In this paper, to see the effect of skin thickness on the accuracy of the rPPG algorithm, we conducted an experiment on 39 anatomically divided facial regions. Experiments were performed with seven algorithms (CHROM, GREEN, ICA, PBV, POS, SSR, and LGI) using the UBFC-rPPG and LGI-PPGI datasets considering 29 selected regions and two adjusted regions out of 39 anatomically classified regions. We proposed a BVP similarity evaluation metric to find a region with high accuracy. We conducted additional experiments on the TOP-5 regions and BOT-5 regions and presented the validity of the proposed ROIs. The TOP-5 regions showed relatively high accuracy compared to the previous algorithm’s ROI, suggesting that the anatomical characteristics of the ROI should be considered when developing a facial image-based rPPG algorithm.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a disease that can affect the heart and the body’s vascular system
Most cardiovascular diseases exist as long-lasting chronic diseases, and there is a lack of appropriate measures to continuously monitor and prevent them [1]
In addition to professional measuring instruments, there is a method of inferring vital signs, such as heart rate and blood pressure, using an electrocardiogram (ECG)
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a disease that can affect the heart and the body’s vascular system. In order to prevent CVD, it is necessary to continuously monitor vital signs for example electrocardiogram, heartbeat, and blood pressure, must be continuously monitored, and professional instruments, such as an IR-UWB heart rate monitor and invasive blood pressure monitor, are required to measure them. These devices are for professional use, are expensive, and are not suitable for home use. In addition to professional measuring instruments, there is a method of inferring vital signs, such as heart rate and blood pressure, using an electrocardiogram (ECG). PPG has become common in recent years and is widely used in wearable vital sign measuring devices, such as smartwatches
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