ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS BETWEEN PREMENOPAUSALAND POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN PRESENTING WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION TO TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN KAKINADA: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

Abstract

Background: Acute myocardial infarction is a major public health problem in both in developing and developed countries despite impressive strides in the diagnosis and management. Effect of hormone replacement therapy in post-menopausal women is uncertain. Some observational studies suggest that estrogen replacement protects against the incidence of coronary artery disease. Prospective control trials have not yet conrmed the benecial effect of hormone replacement therapy. Hormone replacement therapy shows no benecial effect in reducing the morbidity and mortality both in western and Indian studies. Materials and Methods: This is a case control study conducted by the Department of cardiology, Government General Hospital (tertiary care hospital) Kakinada District, Andhra Pradesh. 200 female patients of Acute Myocardial Infarction were included in the study conducted between December 2021 to November 2022. Results: The mean (Standard deviation) age of patients was 51.05 ± 5.92. peak age of incidence between 51-60 years 60%. Out of 200, 68 were pre-menopausal and 132 were post-menopausal. In pre-menopausal group 77.9% had Unstable Angina, 14.7% with Non ST elevation MI and 7.4% with ST Elevation MI. In post-menopausal group, 27.3% had STEMI, 21.2% had NSTEMI and 51.5% had Unstable Angina. 27.9% in pre-menopausal group and 42.4% in post-menopausal group were having dyslipidemia. Conclusions: Identication of co-morbidities and risk factors of CAD in women will lead us to the correct diagnosis and early appropriate management. Noninvasive tests such as stress echocardiography and perfusion testing with cardiac magnetic resonance or single-photon emission computed tomography imaging should be used in identifying patients at risk, followed by further risk stratication by appropriate invasive testing such as CAG