Assessment of Risk Factors and Management Associated with Preterm Deliveries and their Outcomes in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Abstract

Background: Preterm is a major obstetrical challenge of health care. It is the top most cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality of neonatal deaths. The births of these neonates are at a greater risk of developmental disabilities, health and growth problems than neonates of full term. Aim and objective: To assess the risk factors and management associated with preterm deliveries and their outcomes. Materials & Methods: “A prospective observational cohort study” was conducted over a period of 6 months on 80 Preterm subjects, who were enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed questionnaire was used to record socio-demographic, clinical profile and prescribing management. Statistical analysis was performed by percentage method using parameters like mean, standard deviation. Results: The impact of incidence range in the present study was 31.52%. Maximum preterm deliveries were observed in the age group of 18-23 years (44%). Multiparous woman was at more risk for preterm i.e., about 51%. The commonest risk factor for preterm was Anemia (45%) followed by Pre-eclampsia (24%). The treatment prescribed for preterm was Betamethasone, Tidilon, Magnesium sulphate, Progesterone. The commonest neonatal outcome was found to be low birth weight with KMC and supplements of vitamins, iron, calcium as a therapy for their better recovery. Conclusion: The study suggests an urgent need for strengthening effective guidelines and appropriate counselling for prevention of preterm. Maintenance of good hygiene, adequate bed rest and proper antenatal care visits for the better outcomes. Keywords: preterm, multiparous, risk factors, neonatal outcomes, antenatal care, cohort.