Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the potential risks of chemicals that can affect an aquifer storage transfer and recovery (ASTR) site. ASTR is a water supply system that injects surface water into an aquifer and then extracts naturally filtered groundwater. The pilot site of the ASTR supplying drinking water is located downstream of the Nakdong River in South Korea. Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) was adopted to ensure suitable water quality in response to the deteriorated water quality of the Nakdong River. HACCP is a proactive management system for ensuring consistent confidence in food (or water). Hazard analysis, the first of the seven principles of HACCP, assesses physical, microbial, chemical, and radioactive hazards. This study focuses on the chemicals that are most likely to be involved in major hazardous events. Pollutant release and transfer register (PRTR) data were used to analyze potential risks of chemicals. A PRTR is a national environmental database of potentially hazardous chemicals. Potential risk analysis considers the total amount of chemicals transferred off-site for treatment or disposal. Fifty-five cities and the top 10 chemicals released in the Nakdong River basin were investigated. Potential risk was defined as a function of total transfers, the relative distance, and toxicity. The top 10 cities with high potential risks were identified, and the city with the highest potential risk turned out to be Ulju.
Highlights
As water resources planning and management become a global issue, South Korea is promoting relevant projects to meet the challenges from environmental pollution and climate change.The Nakdong River, one of the largest rivers in the country, is a major drinking water source for more than ten million people
This paper deals with an effort in which aquifer storage transfer and recovery (ASTR) is combined with hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) to satisfy the needs for better drinking water quality
Based on the assessment result of potential risk due to chemicals transferred in a watershed, it was found that most major hazards of the ASTR site could be eliminated if the chemicals generated in city 36, 48, and 37 are carefully managed
Summary
As water resources planning and management become a global issue, South Korea is promoting relevant projects to meet the challenges from environmental pollution and climate change. The Nakdong River, one of the largest rivers in the country, is a major drinking water source for more than ten million people. The water quality of the Nakdong River has been deteriorated due to routine emission and spills of chemicals. There is presently a heightened need to improve drinking water quality and protect raw water from pollution. This paper deals with an effort in which aquifer storage transfer and recovery (ASTR) is combined with hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) to satisfy the needs for better drinking water quality
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