Abstract
Contrast echocardiography is a technology that has evolved greatly over the past 4 decades. From its initial description in the late 1960s, contrast echocardiography has been used to identify cardiac structures, detect intracardiac shunts, visualize blood flow on M-mode echocardiography, detect valvular regurgitation, and quantify cardiac output using indicator–dilution curve theory. During the past decade, tremendous advances have been made to both ultrasound (US) technology and microbubble-based contrast agents, which have expanded applications of contrast echocardiography to the systemic circulation, including enhanced detection of left ventricular endocardial borders and left-sided Doppler signals. Most recently, contrast echocardiography now allows assessment of myocardial perfusion with US and microbubble-based contrast agents. Myocardial contrast echocardiography has been incorporated into the detection of coronary artery disease, assessment of acute myocardial CONTENTS
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