Assessment of Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure Levels from Mobile Phones and Wireless Hotspots in Some Parts of Makurdi-Nigeria

Abstract

Radio waves and Microwaves also known as Radio Frequency Radiations (RFR) have been associated with health hazards. This research was carried out to assess the safety level of these radiations in Makurdi, Benue State. Measurement of RFR power density and electric field strength were carried out for mobile phones. A Cornet 15SA Electrosmog meter was used for assessing RFR exposure levels. Measurements of RFR power density (mWm-2) and electric field strength (Vm-1) for wireless hotspots were carried out within 10m radius to offices and open areas with high occupancy. Radiation levels from mobile phones were measured on the surface with mobile phones in contact with the meter in a normal direction such that maximum readings are obtained. A survey questionnaire was also designed to assess the level of knowledge of the residents concerning the effects of exposure to RF radiations. The field strength and Power density from mobile phones were found to range from 0.1946 Vm-1 to 26.2446 Vm-1 and 0.1004 mWm-2 to 1.827 Wm-2 respectively. These are within ICNIRP recommended value of 10 Wm-2 for members of the public. Environmental levels of RFR in areas with RFR generating devices showed that RFR levels ranged from 5.0595Vm-1 (0.0679 Wm-1) to 7.3961Vm-1 (0.145 Wm1). Also, assessment of areas with Wi-Fi hotspots showed that the presence of hotspots significantly increased background levels of RFR. These values were compared with measurements carried out in areas without RF devices which ranged from 0.10212Vm-1 (0.02766 mWm-2) to 1.7334 Vm-1 (0.0079 Wm-2). The presence of devices was seen to increase the amount of radiation in the environment. The questionnaire results indicated that there was need to further educate the public on the effects of these radiations and precautionary to be adopted for safety.