Assessment of Quality of Life and Physical Activity Levels in Greek Breast Cancer Female Patients under Chemotherapy

Abstract

AIM: Research evidence suggests that physical exercise can be part of standard care for breast cancer (BC) patients, contributing to the prevention or reduction of the adverse effects of both the disease and cancer therapies on physiological and quality of life (QoL) parameters. The purpose of this study was to assess QoL and physical activity (PA) levels of BC female patients under chemotherapy and compare them with healthy controls. MATERIAL & METHOD: 159 females were recruited, 94 BC patients [age, 57.25 ± 13.59 yrs; height, 1.61 ± 0.05 m; mass, 69.49 ± 12.67 kg; body mass index (BMI), 26.63 ± 5.36 kg/m2] and 65 healthy women [age, 49.60 ± 7.80 yrs; height, 1.65 ± 0.04 m; mass, 69.04 ± 5.25 kg; BMI, 25.30 ± 3.95 kg/m2]. Levels of PA were self-estimated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. QoL was self-reported by the BC and control groups using the EORTCQLQ-C30 and the SF-36 Health Survey, respectively. RESULTS: BC patients exhibited a total energy expenditure of 2,200 ± 1,187 MET-min/week, of which 1,384 ± 592 were spent in moderate PAs, 773 ± 436 in walking and 43.34 ± 159 in vigorous PAs. On the other hand, 49.30% and 50.70% of the controls participated in high-intensity and moderate-intensity PAs, respectively. Moreover, controls and BC patients were spending 2.34 ± 1.05 h/day and 4.62 ± 2.58 h/day sitting, respectively. BC patients scored their QoL with 63.43 ± 20.63 and physical functioning (PF) with 71.48 ± 23.35, while their fatigue, pain, and dyspnea scores were 42.28 ± 20.54, 19.44 ± 24.40, and 25.93 ± 28.85, respectively. Negative correlations were found between QoL and fatigue (p < 0.01), PF and pain (p < 0.01), fatigue (p < 0.01) and dyspnea (p < 0.05), while a positive correlation was found between QoL and PF (p < 0.01). Healthy participants evaluated their QoL as excellent (10.30%), very good (55.17%), average (29.30%), and poor (3.40%). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that BC patients represented moderate to high levels of functioning and QoL and preferred PAs of moderate intensity. Moreover, a positive association was found between PF and QoL in BC patients, while their QoL and functional capacity were compromised by pain, dyspnea, and fatigue. Although the BC group used to participate in PAs, they accumulated many hours seated, and they were overweight, further supporting the need for these patients to follow the specific exercise recommendations, so as to optimize their benefits from exercise.