Abstract
Quad-frequency signals have thus far been available for all satellites of BeiDou-3 and Galileo systems. The major benefit of quad-frequency signals is that more extra-wide-lane (EWL) combinations can be formed with quad-frequency than with triple- or dual-frequency, of which the ambiguities can be fixed instantaneously in medium and long baselines. In this paper, the long-baseline positioning algorithm based on optimal triple-frequency EWL/wide-lane (WL) combinations of BeiDou-3 and Galileo is proposed. First, the theoretical precision of multi-frequency combinations of BeiDou-3 and Galileo is studied, and EWL/WL combinations with a small noise amplitude factor and a small ionospheric scalar factor are selected. Then, geometry-free methods are used to estimate the a priori precision of EWL/second EWL/WL signals for different combination schemes. Second, the double-differenced (DD) geometry-based function models of quad-frequency configurations and three different triple-frequency configurations are given, and the DD ionospheric delays are estimated as unknown parameters. In the end, the real BeiDou-3 and Galileo data are used to evaluate the positioning preference. The results show that, when using fixed EWL observations to constrain WL ambiguities, the proposed triple-frequency EWL/WL signals composed of (B1I,B3I,B2a) of BeiDou-3 and (E1,E5a,E6) of Galileo can achieve the same precision as the quad-frequency signals. Therefore, the method proposed in this article can realize long-baseline instantaneous decimeter-level positioning while reducing the dimension of matrix and improving calculation efficiency.
Highlights
The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)-3 and Galileo quad-frequency data were collected on a 104 km baseline and a 126 km baseline from 0:00 to 24:00 UTC, the day of year (DOY) 130, 2020, using a pair of Trimble receivers in Xi’an, China, with a sampling interval of 10 s
The remaining EWL signals BDS-3 (0,0,1,−1), and Galileo (0,0,−1,1) and (0,−1,0,1) have success rates of more than 99% when the total errors reach 24 cm, which meet the important condition of long-baseline reliable positioning
ambiguity resolution (AR) method based on optimal triple-frequency EWL/WL combinations was proposed
Summary
Combinations can be formed with quad-frequency than with triple- or dual-frequency, of which the ambiguities can be fixed instantaneously in medium and long baselines. The longbaseline positioning algorithm based on optimal triple-frequency EWL/wide-lane (WL) combinations of BeiDou-3 and Galileo is proposed. The double-differenced (DD) geometry-based function models of quad-frequency configurations and three different triple-frequency configurations are given, and the DD ionospheric delays are estimated as unknown parameters. The results show that, when using fixed EWL observations to constrain WL ambiguities, the proposed triple-frequency EWL/WL signals composed of (B1I,B3I,B2a) of BeiDou-3 and (E1,E5a,E6) of Galileo can achieve the same precision as the quad-frequency signals. 1. Introduction with regard to jurisdictional claims in Currently, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are developing towards multisystems and multi-frequencies.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
