Abstract
At the end of 2020, COVID-19 vaccination programs were initiated in many countries, including Poland. The first vaccine approved in Poland was the BNT162b2 mRNA preparation (Pfizer/BioNTech), and the first vaccinated group were healthcare workers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate post-vaccine antibody titers 8 months after the second vaccine dose had been administered to a group of employees of the Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Olsztyn (Poland). The employees were divided into two groups: persons who had COVID-19 in the fourth quarter of 2020 and were vaccinated in January–February 2021, and persons without a history of COVID-19 who were vaccinated during the same period. The analyzed material was venous blood serum collected from 100 hospital employees on 23–28 September 2021. The level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies was measured with a Roche Cobas e411 analyzer using the electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) method. The study demonstrated that persons with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection had significantly higher antibody levels (taking into account gender, age, type of work performed, and severity of post-vaccination symptoms) than employees without a history of COVID-19. The study also revealed that the type of work, age, gender, and the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection can influence the humoral immune response. The presented results may prove helpful in the context of administering additional vaccine doses.
Highlights
COVID-19, the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), was classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020 [1]
We observed statistically significant increase in total anti-SARS-CoV-2S antibodies level in the group of women compared to men without history of COVID-19 (p = 0.0239)
We demonstrated considerably higher level of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in group of women than in group of men with history of COVID-19 (p = 0.0230) (Figure 2A)
Summary
COVID-19, the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), was classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020 [1]. The initially undertaken preventive measures, including social distancing, the use of personal protection equipment and frequent disinfection of hands, decrease the public health, social and economic impact of the pandemic only partially [3]. It remains unknown whether having undergone infection with SARS-CoV-2 protects against future illness and if so, for how long [4]. Research into post-vaccine antibody levels that confer effective protection against the disease and produce a lasting immune response is essential for understanding the body’s defense mechanisms and may help in developing effective treatment against
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