Abstract
In Western countries, research works on air quality have reinforced in recent years because of the links between the level of particulate pollution in numerous cities and the appearing of various health disorders including cardio-respiratory pathologies, acute bronchopneumonia, lung cancer, etc. In sub-Saharan Africa countries, particularly Burkina Faso, there is very few similar research. In the present work, the pollution levels of airborne particle in the city of Ouagadougou have been assessed through two campaigns of in situ measurements of suspended particulate matter concentrations. These measurements which have concerned PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 were performed using a portable device (AEROCET531S) at nine sites in 2018 and at ten sites in 2019. These sites are located on roadside, administrative services, secondary education establishments and outlying districts. The results show that: 1) the PM1 concentrations values presented no significant variation between days, seasons or sampling sites; 2) the 24-hour PM2.5 concentrations often exceeding WHO recommended concentrations and, 3) the 24-hour PM10 concentrations exceed WHO recommended concentrations regardless of the season or the sampling site. In indeed, the average 24-hour concentrations are 20 ± 4, 87 ± 16 and 951 ± 266 μg·m−3 for the PM1, PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. They are 17 ± 3, 29 ± 5 and 158 ± 43 μg·m−3, respectively, in 2018 dry season and, 12 ± 1, 22 ± 9 and 187 ± 67 μg·m−3, respectively, in 2019 rainy season.
Highlights
Air pollution is a serious problem that affects the life of billions of people every year (Louati, Son, and Chabchoub, 2018); (Son and Louati, 2016)
The results show that excepted scholar sites and despite the rainy season campaign, PM2.5 concentrations are close to recommended values whereas PM10 concentrations exceed three to five time the recommended limit by the World Health Organization (WHO) and European Environment Agency (EEA) and around two times the recommended limit by US EPA
PM1 concentration values showed no significant variation between days, seasons and type of sampling sites, in opposite to PM2.5 or PM10 concentration values
Summary
Air pollution is a serious problem that affects the life of billions of people every year (Louati, Son, and Chabchoub, 2018); (Son and Louati, 2016). Africa has been singled out by UN HABITAT as the fastest urbanizing continent in the world (UN-HABITAT, 2010). This fact is accompanied by pollutions, those of air by particulate matter (PM) emission that can cause multiple adverse long-term as well short-term effects on the human wellbeing such as increased health problems (Li et al, 2018) (Chen et al, 2019) (Cassee et al, 2013) (Beltrando, 2014) (Chang, Peng, and Dominici, 2011). The composition and size distribution of particles depend on their formation processes, including their source that has been explored in numerous studies (Tsai et al, 2015)
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