Abstract
Background: Regardless of the type of diabetes mellitus, there is always a Beta-cell dysfunction leading to absolute insulin deficiency in type 1 diabetes mellitus or associated with insulin resistance in case of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
 Materials and Methods: A total of 267 subjects consisting of 164 diabetic patients and 103 non-diabetic apparently healthy individuals were analysed. The plasma insulin and c-peptides levels were determined using enzyme link immunosorbent assay, while plasma glucose level was determined using standard spectrophotometric method.
 Results: The biochemical results showed that the mean plasma glucose of Type 1 diabetes (213.65±20.35) and Type 2 diabetes (218.78+7.85) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of non-diabetic control (81.88±17.22) mg/dl; the mean plasma glucose and the systolic reading of the Diabetes Mellitus with Nephropathy, hypertension, coronary artery disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy patients were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control subjects. Among diabetic hypertensive patients mean insulin and c-peptide levels were significantly (p<0.05) lower, while the mean insulin level was insignificantly (p>0.05) lower in diabetic patients with neuropathy or coronary artery disease. No significant (p>0.05) differences was observed in the mean plasma c-peptide level, and diastolic reading of diabetic patient with neuropathy. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the mean plasma c-peptide level, systolic and diastolic readings of Diabetic patients with coronary heart disease or retinopathy.
 Conclusion: There were significant differences in the blood pressure parameters in both the diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications in this study.
Highlights
Regardless of the type of diabetes mellitus, there is always a Beta-cell dysfunction leading to absolute insulin deficiency in type 1 diabetes mellitus or associated with insulin resistance in case of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Type 1 DM is characterized by β-cell destruction caused by an autoimmune process, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency[5] which eventually results in decreased insulin secretion and a corresponding decrease in C-peptide level which is an index for endogenous insulin secretion and Beta cell function
There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the mean plasma c-peptide level, and diastolic reading of Diabetes Mellitus with neuropathy (DM-NEUR) patients when compared with the control group
Summary
A total of 267 subjects consisting of 164 diabetic patients and 103 non-diabetic apparently healthy individuals were analysed. The plasma insulin and c-peptides levels were determined using enzyme link immunosorbent assay, while plasma glucose level was determined using standard spectrophotometric method. The study was carried out in Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital in Edo central and Edo North Senatorial Districts of Edo state, Nigeria, located between approximately Latitude 050 44’N- 070 34’N and Longitude 050 04’E- 060 43’E, covering an estimated area of 20,000 km[2]. The plasma glucose was determined using the Oxidaseperoxidase method as described by Barham.[10] Plasma insulin was determined using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).[11] Plasma C-peptide was determined using DRG C-peptide ELISA Kit.[12]
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