Abstract
Ageratum conyzoides L. (billy goat weed), showed strong inhibition on Raphanus sativus L. (radish) germination and growth in a bioassay. The leaves exhibited a greater suppression than the stem and root. The leaves of A. conyzoides applied at 2 t ha −1 reduced about 70% of the growth of Echinochloa crus-galli var. formosensis Ohwi. and completely inhibited emergence of Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f. Persil var. plantaginea Solms.) and Aeschynomene indica L. in calcareous soil condition. Application of A. conyzoides leaves at 2 t ha −1 in a paddy field 2 d after transplanting caused about 75% paddy weed reduction and increased yield by 14% compared with a herbicide treatment. Three phenolic compounds were identified in the leaves, stem and root including gallic acid, coumalic acid, and protocatechuic acid, and catechin was found only in the stem. p-hydroxybenzoic acid was detected in both A. conyzoides leaves and stem. Three additional putative allelochemicals were found in the leaves consisting of p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, and benzoic acid. The greater number of growth inhibitors found in the leaves might result in the stronger inhibitory activity than the stem and root. A. conyzoides might be a natural herbicide for weed control in paddy fields to reduce the dependence on synthetic herbicides.
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