Abstract
BackgroundMaytenus royleanus is traditionally used in gastro-intestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the methanol extract of leaves and its derived fractions for various antioxidant assays and for its potential against lipid peroxidation and hemolytic activity.MethodsVarious parameters including scavenging of free-radicals (DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl and superoxide radical), hydrogen peroxide scavenging, Fe3+ to Fe2+ reducing capacity, total antioxidant capacity, anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-hemolytic activity were investigated. Methanol extract and its derived fractions were also subjected for chemical constituents. LC-MS was also performed on the methanol extract.ResultsQualitative analysis of methanol extract exhibited the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, phlobatannins, tannins and terpenoids. LC-MS chromatogram indicated the composition of diverse compounds including flavonoids, phenolics and phytoestrogens. Methanol extract, its ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions constituted the highest amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and showed a strong correlation coefficient with the IC50 values for the scavenging of DPPH, hydrogen peroxide radicals, superoxide radicals, anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-hemolytic efficacy. Moreover, n-butanol fraction showed the highest scavenging activity for ABTS radicals and for reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+.ConclusionsPresent results suggested the therapeutic potential of Maytenus royleanus leaves, in particular, methanol extract, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fraction as therapeutic agent against free-radical associated damages. The protective potential of the extract and or fraction may be attributed due to the high concentration of phenolic, flavonoid, tannins and terpenoids.
Highlights
Maytenus royleanus is traditionally used in gastro-intestinal disorders
Phytochemical analysis Phytochemical analysis of methanol extract of M. royleanus leaves indicated the existence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, phlobatannins, tannins and terpenoids
Anthraquinones and cardiac glycosides were not detected in ethyl acetate and in n-butanol fraction respectively
Summary
Maytenus royleanus is traditionally used in gastro-intestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the methanol extract of leaves and its derived fractions for various antioxidant assays and for its potential against lipid peroxidation and hemolytic activity. A wide variety of naturally occurring constituents such as polyphenolics, terpenoids and pro-vitamins have received much attention as alternative therapeutic agents to fight against various oxidative stress induced diseases [1,2,3]. Numerous natural antioxidants from medicinal plants have antioxidant and reactive oxygen species (superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, peroxide radical, and nitric oxide). In addition to the threats posed by oxidative stress to biological system, it is responsible for inducing chronic diseases (cancer, cardiovascular, aging, diabetes, cataract) [5]. Various studies have suggested an association between the dietary intake of these phytochemicals and the prevention of various stress induced anomalies [6,7,8,9,10,11]. It is need of the day that medicinal plants should be characterized for their pharmacological properties as majority of the population in developing countries use traditional medicines [11,12,13]
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