Abstract
The study was carried out to find the physico-chemical water quality of borehole and spring water supplied to Robe Town. For this study, a total of six water samples were collected from three borehole and three spring water sources. The analyses for 14 physico-chemical parameters, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids total hardness cations (Ca2+, Mg2+), anions (NO2−, NO3−, SO42− and PO43−) and heavy metals (Fe and Mn), were done in the laboratory by adopting standard procedures suggested by the American Public Health Association (APHA). Descriptive statistics were used to describe data, while Pearson correlation was used to determine the influences of the physico-chemical variables. The single factor analysis of variance (t test) was used to determine possible differences between the borehole and spring water, while means plots were used for further structure detection. From the total samples analyzed, most of the samples comply with the water quality guidelines of Ethiopian limit, WHO and U.SEPA. The pH of the water samples from borehole groundwater source was found to be slightly acidic and bove the maximum permissible limit (MPL). High concentration of Fe and Mn that exceeds the MPL set by WHO was found in the three boreholes. The spring water sources were found to be better for drinking than borehole water sources.
Highlights
The study was carried out to find the physicochemical water quality of borehole and spring water supplied to Robe Town
The samples collected from borehole and spring water of Robe Town were analyzed for 14 physico-chemical parameters
Total hardness (TH), both calcium and magnesium hardness in terms of calcium carbonate concentration, ranged between 63.63–66.61 and 32.44–38.76 mg/L found in the borehole and spring water samples, respectively
Summary
The various physico-chemical groundwater quality parameters were assessed and the values obtained are compared with the permissible/desirable values prescribed by the Ethiopian and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines to ensure the quality of groundwater for its use in domestic purposes It provides a hint on the relationships of physico-chemical parameters like pH, turbidity, EC, TDS, TSS, hardness, calcium, magnesium, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, sulfate, iron and manganese between each other other. It will give information about the differences between the borehole and the spring water sources by comparing one another to indicate which water source is better for drinking. The study provides baseline information about water quality for the welfare of the society and that may help in future water resource planning for the area
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