Abstract
5-Amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo(4,3-e)-1,2,4-triazolo(1,5-c) pyrimidine (SCH 58261) is one of the new chemical entities that has been developed as an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist. Although SCH 58261 has been reported to be beneficial, there is little information about SCH 58261 from a drug metabolism or pharmacokinetics perspective. This study describes the metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties of SCH 58261 in order to understand its behaviors in vivo. Rats were used as the in vivo model species. First, an LC–MS/MS method was developed for the determination of SCH 58261 in rat plasma. A GastroPlus™ simulation, in vitro microsomal metabolic stability, and bile duct-cannulated studies were also performed to understand its pharmacokinetic profile. The parameter sensitivity analysis of GastroPlus™ was used to examine the factors that influence exposure when the drug is orally administered. The factors are as follows: permeability, systemic clearance, renal clearance, and liver first-pass effect. In vitro microsomal metabolic stability indicates how much the drug is metabolized. The extrapolated hepatic clearance value of SCH 58261 was 39.97 mL/min/kg, indicating that the drug is greatly affected by hepatic metabolism. In vitro microsomal metabolite identification studies revealed that metabolites produce oxidized and ketone-formed metabolites via metabolic enzymes in the liver. The bile duct-cannulated rat study, after oral administration of SCH 58261, showed that a significant amount of the drug was excreted in feces. These results imply that the drug is not absorbed well in the body after oral administration. Taken together, SCH 58261 showed quite a low bioavailability when administered orally and this was likely due to significantly limited absorption, as well as high metabolism in vivo.
Highlights
The blockade of the adenosine A2A receptor in striatopallidal neurons is known to reduce the postsynaptic effect of dopamine depletion and the motor deficit of Parkinson’s disease (PD)
SCH 58261 is one of the new chemical entities that has been developed as an adenosine A2A receptor is one of the new chemical entities that has been developed as an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist
Development of SCH 58261 Quantification Method chromatograms of Precision the lower limits of quantification (LLOQ, 3.02 ng/microsome volume (mL)) and the
Summary
The blockade of the adenosine A2A receptor in striatopallidal neurons is known to reduce the postsynaptic effect of dopamine depletion and the motor deficit of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Because of these properties, adenosine A2A receptor antagonists are well known as good target drug candidates for the treatment of PD [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. The expression of Molecules 2020, 25, 2209; doi:10.3390/molecules25092209 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules production by 5′-nucleotidase is one of the immunosuppressive pathways [8,9].
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