Assessment of pesticide residue on cocoa beans in Ondo State, Nigeria

Joseph O Akinneye,Femi P Adesina,Makanjuola I Akinyemi,Oluwakemi A Adeleye

doi:10.21472/bjbs.051031

Abstract

Effects of radiation in biological systems are quite interesting. Interaction of radiation to epigenetic mechanisms has been also demonstrated earlier. The aim of this review is to sketch a current scenario on radiation exposure/insults on the epigenetic mechanisms in mammalian cells. Evidence from the databases, mainly from Pubmed and Science Direct were considered. Findings suggest that radiation has a dose and time-dependent effect in our body. Cells and tissues from different sources have differential responses towards radiation insults. Although radiation has impacts on epigenetic modulation, but it has beneficial combinatorial effects with a number of epigenetic modalities. Radiation has both bad and good impacts on epigenetic mechanisms.

Highlights

In Sub-Saharan countries, including Nigeria, agriculture is considered to hold the key to economic development
In other to solve these problems associated with cocoa farming, cocoa farmers from this area engaged in using synthetic pesticides and other alternatives like Bio-pesticide, locally made (Botanical) pesticide and Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
This study has revealed that pests and diseases has remained one of the challenges of cocoa production and cocoa farmers in Ondo State were not exceptional among the farmers that were using synthetic pesticide to fight this challenge

Summary

Introduction

In Sub-Saharan countries, including Nigeria, agriculture is considered to hold the key to economic development. The Nigeria cocoa economy has a rich history has it was ranked among one of the highest cocoa producers in the world. Many authors have reported the role play by cocoa production in the economy development of this Nation (Folayan et al, 2006; Fadipe et al, 2012). Sci. http://revista.rebibio.net main agricultural produce that sustained Nigeria economy. Among other agricultural commodity export of the country, cocoa has remained a valuable crop and major foreign exchange earner (Ajayi and Oyejide, 1974; ICCO, 2001). Taubert et al (2007) reported cocoa has a plant-based food that contains carbohydrates, fats, proteins, natural minerals and some vitamins that are of benefits to human health

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Conclusion