Abstract
Periodontal biotype is used to describe the morphological characteristics of periodontal tissues and is closely related to periodontal health and prognosis of many dental treatments. This study was undertaken to explore the periodontal biotype distribution in a young Chinese population and to evaluate the accuracy of different methods for gingival thickness (GT) measurement. A total of 372 teeth from 31 periodontally healthy subjects were included. GT was measured simultaneously by probe transparency, transgingival probing and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Some other anatomic parameters, including crown width/crown length ratio, attached gingival width, labial bone thickness and papilla volume were recorded for periodontal biotype classification. As found by probe transparency, the gingivae of 222 teeth (59.68%) were thick, while those of 150 teeth (40.32%) were thin. The mean GT of included subjects was 1.03 ± 0.31 mm as measured by transgingival probing and 1.03 ± 0.24 mm as measured by CBCT. Four groups were identified by cluster analysis. Thick-flap biotype, average-scalloped biotype, average-flap biotype and thin-scalloped biotype comprised 137 teeth (36.83%), 96 teeth (25.81%), 39 teeth (10.48%) and 100 teeth (26.88%), respectively. These results demonstrate that the most common periodontal biotype in this young Chinese population was the thick-flap type with low aesthetic risk.
Highlights
Clinical appearance of gingiva differs from subject to subject and even among different teeth
Crown length ratio, AGW attached gingival width, PH papilla height, GT by transgingival probing (GTp) gingival thickness measured by transgingival probing, GT in CBCT scanning (GTCT) gingival thickness measured by cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT), BT bone thickness, and PV papilla volume. *p < 0.05 compared with homonym tooth in maxillary
Crown length ratio, AGW attached gingival width, PH papilla height, GTp gingival thickness measured by transgingival probing, GTCT gingival thickness measured by CBCT, BT bone thickness, and PV papilla volume. *p < 0.001
Summary
Clinical appearance of gingiva differs from subject to subject and even among different teeth. Transgingival probing is a traditional invasive method with limited application in clinic Instead, another evaluation that is based on the transparency of the periodontal probe through the gingival margin is widely used and is taken as a simple method with excellent repeatability. Comparisons of different measurement methods based on the same sample are limited. Some anatomic parameters, such as CW/CL, attached gingival width (AGW), PH, bone thickness (BT) and tooth site, were reported to be related to GT4,8,9. The aim of the present study was to explore the periodontal biotype distribution in a young Chinese population and to evaluate the accuracy of different methods for GT measurement, including probe transparency, transgingival probing and CBCT
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