Abstract
Since WorldView-2 (WV-2) images are widely used in various fields, there is a high demand for the use of high-quality pansharpened WV-2 images for different application purposes. With respect to the novelty of the WV-2 multispectral (MS) and panchromatic (PAN) bands, the performances of eight state-of-art pan-sharpening methods for WV-2 imagery including six datasets from three WV-2 scenes were assessed in this study using both quality indices and information indices, along with visual inspection. The normalized difference vegetation index, normalized difference water index, and morphological building index, which are widely used in applications related to land cover classification, the extraction of vegetation areas, buildings, and water bodies, were employed in this work to evaluate the performance of different pansharpening methods in terms of information presentation ability. The experimental results show that the Haze- and Ratio-based, adaptive Gram-Schmidt, Generalized Laplacian pyramids (GLP) methods using enhanced spectral distortion minimal model and enhanced context-based decision model methods are good choices for producing fused WV-2 images used for image interpretation and the extraction of urban buildings. The two GLP-based methods are better choices than the other methods, if the fused images will be used for applications related to vegetation and water-bodies.
Highlights
The WorldView-2 (WV-2) satellite, launched in October 2009, offers eight multispectral (MS)bands of 1.84-m spatial resolution and a panchromatic (PAN) band of 0.46 m spatial resolution [1].The MS bands cover the spectrum from 400 nm to 1050 nm, and include four conventional visible and near-infrared MS bands: blue (B, 450–510 nm), green (G, 510–580 nm), red (R, 630–690 nm), and near-IR1(NIR1, 770–895 nm); and four new bands: coastal (C, 400–450 nm), yellow (Y, 585–625 nm), red edge (RE, 705–745 nm), and near-IR2 (NIR2, 860–1040 nm)
The two urban images are referred as I1 and I2, respectively, whereas the two suburban images are referred as I3 and I4, respectively
The two rural images are referred as I5 and I6, respectively
Summary
The WorldView-2 (WV-2) satellite, launched in October 2009, offers eight multispectral (MS)bands of 1.84-m spatial resolution and a panchromatic (PAN) band of 0.46 m spatial resolution [1].The MS bands cover the spectrum from 400 nm to 1050 nm, and include four conventional visible and near-infrared MS bands: blue (B, 450–510 nm), green (G, 510–580 nm), red (R, 630–690 nm), and near-IR1(NIR1, 770–895 nm); and four new bands: coastal (C, 400–450 nm), yellow (Y, 585–625 nm), red edge (RE, 705–745 nm), and near-IR2 (NIR2, 860–1040 nm). The PAN band has a spectral response range of. 450–800 nm, which covers shorter NIR spectral range than some common PAN bands of 450–900 nm. Since numerous applications need high-spatial-resolution (HSR) MS images, it is highly desirable to fuse the eight MS bands and the PAN band to produce HSR MS imagery for better monitoring the Earth’s surface. Numerous pansharpening methods have been proposed in the last decades to produce spatially enhanced MS images by fusing the MS and PAN images. These methods are divided into two categories: the component substitution (CS) family and multi-resolution analysis (MRA) family. The CS approaches focus on the substitution of a component that is obtained by a spectral transformation of the Sensors 2017, 17, 89; doi:10.3390/s17010089 www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors
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