Assessment of oral health-related quality of life, measured by OHIP-14 and GOHAI, and psychological profiling in burning mouth syndrome: A case-control clinical study.

Abstract

To evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) by comparing the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) tests, assessing their dependence with pain, anxiety and depression and, secondly, to analyse the changes in time after treatment with psychotropic drugs. Twenty-six patients and 26 controls were included. The GOHAI, OHIP-14, visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression and Anxiety (HAM-D and HAM-A) were performed at baseline (time 0) and after 6months of treatment (time 1). Descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test for two independent samples and the Wilcoxon non-parametric test for two paired samples were used. The scores from all outcome measurements were statistically significantly different between the cases and controls (P<.001) with a strong correlation between the GOHAI and the OHIP-14 (P<.001). The BMS patients showed a statistically significant improvement in the VAS, HAM-D and HAM-A scores from time 0 to time 1 (P<0.001), and in the OHIP-14 scores (P<.004**) after the treatment, but no statistically significant difference in the GOHAI score (.464). Burning mouth syndrome patients showed poorer scores on all scales compared to the healthy subjects with a lower OHRQoL. OHIP-14 gives a greater weight to psychological and behavioural outcomes in evaluating oral health than GOHAI, and therefore, it is a more effective questionnaire in terms of the evaluation of the treatment response. The management of BMS can improve pain, anxiety and depression and the OHRQoL.