Abstract
The article presents the results of a study aiming to select the optimal source of heat for a newly designed single-family home. Commercial software was used to compare heating and ventilation systems involving a bituminous coal boiler, a condensing gas boiler, a biomass boiler, and a heat pump with water and glycol as heat transfer media. The effectiveness of natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation with a ground-coupled heat exchanger, and solar heater panels (flat and tubular) for water heating was evaluated. The analysis was based on the annual demand for useful energy, final energy and non-renewable primary energy in view of the pollution output of the evaluated heating systems. The analysis revealed that the heat pump with water and glycol as heat transfer media was the optimal solution. However, the performance of the heat pump in real-life conditions was below its maximum theoretical efficiency. The biomass boiler contributed to the highest reduction in pollutant emissions, but it was characterized by the highest demand for final energy. Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery was required in all analyzed systems to achieve the optimal results. Laboratory analyses confirmed the high efficiency of the tube heat exchanger in winter.
Highlights
According to the definition provided by the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution occurs where the chemical composition of the air may adversely affect the health of humans, animals and plants as well as other elements of the environment, e.g. the soil, water or climate [1,2]
ArCADia-TERMOCAD software by INTERsoft [27] was used to draw up the energy performance certificate for the building, and the environmental effects of the heating and ventilation system variants presented in Table 1 were compared
Appropriate structure of the building and the use of mechanical ventilation with highly efficient heat recovery enables a significant reduction in energy losses in a building
Summary
According to the definition provided by the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution occurs where the chemical composition of the air may adversely affect the health of humans, animals and plants as well as other elements of the environment, e.g. the soil, water or climate [1,2]. The main air pollutants include gases and particulate matter. The gases considered to be most harmful include sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx), ammonia (NH3) and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) [4,5]. The negative effects of air pollution on the human body have been repeatedly studied and confirmed. It was demonstrated that air pollutants contribute inter alia. An adverse effect of pollutants on the environment including water and soil was proven as well [11,12]
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