Abstract
Nutritional status is one of the indicators of the quality mental and physical for children. Assessment of physical growth is one of the important tools for assessing nutrition status for children, especially bully children. Bullying is the activity of repeated, aggressive behavior intended to hurt another individual, physically, mentally, or emotionally over time. Both kids who are bullied and who bully others may have serious, lasting problems. The aim of our study is to assess nutritional intake and anthropometric statuses in bullying Schoolchildren (9 - 12 years old) and determine nutritional adequacy with Dietary Reference Intake (DRIs). The study was conducted on 50 males and 50 females (9 - 12 years) suffering from bullying and was diagnosed by bullying behavioral scale (BBS), and investigated nutritional status by using 24 hours recall, diet history, food habits, anthropometric measurements and clinical signs. The most important results were: approximately more than 50% of study sample didn’t eat breakfast, 1 - 3 snacks/day, canned juice/day and soft drinks/day. Nutrient intake was lower than recommended in protein, fiber, water, vit D, vit E, folic acid, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, omega 3, taurine and choline. About 50% and 36% from males and females, respectively had underweight; 10% of males had obesity; besides, total sample had normal measure upper arm circumference (MUAC). About 45% of the total sample had moderate malnutrition. The highest percentage for clinical sign of the sample was loss teeth by 33%; then 20% had white spots nails and 19% had a stuttering speech, while the smallest percentage was bleeding gums by 5% for bullying children. Conclusion: Bully school children had deficiency in some nutrients, some bad eating habits and some growth problems; our results suggest follow healthy eating habits, nutritional intervention for bullying children and nutritional adequacies to help improve behavioral bullying status.
Highlights
Bullying is a sub-category of aggressive conduct with the following three minimum requirements: hostile intent, power imbalance and repetition over time (Uvonen & Graham, 2014)
Nutritional Status Results: Food habits: Table 1 showed that eating breakfast, no. of Snakes, Canned juice and soft drinks/day for bullying children, approximately more than half of study samples did not eat breakfast
This study was concerned with assessing the nutritional status and signs of growth for bullying school children, and showed that, approximately more than half of study samples did not eat breakfast, Similar result was obtained with Hugues et al, (2014) who establish whether the experience of bullying and cyber bullying has had an impact on breakfast skipping, roughly half of the respondents (50.4%) reported that they did not eat breakfast on a regular basis, these results show the potential interrelationships between cyber bullying, school bullying and anxiety in anticipating breakfast skipping . and about 43% of the study sample ate 3 - 6 snacks/day
Summary
Bullying is a sub-category of aggressive conduct with the following three minimum requirements: hostile intent, power imbalance and repetition over time (Uvonen & Graham, 2014). Bullying can be described as a repetitive, aggressive conduct designed to harm another person (victim), physically, mentally, or emotionally. It is in school and the workplace. Dan Olweus says bullying occurs when a person is “exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons”, he claims adverse activities happen when an individual deliberately inflicts injury or pain on another individual, by physical contact, by words or in other ways. Most of the bullies were victims of bullying (Goldsmid & Howie, 2014)
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