Assessment of non-carious root surface defects in areas of gingival recession: A descriptive study.

Vk Naik,Ca Jacob,Da Nainar

doi:10.4317/jced.52831

Abstract

BackgroundThe purpose of this descriptive study was to observe the distribution of four different classes of non-carious cervical root surface discrepancies in teeth with gingival recession. Additionally to explore the different treatment modalities in the literature for each of these defects.Material and MethodsA total of 150 subjects with at least one labial gingival recession were included in the study. 1400 teeth were evaluated using 2.5 X magnification loupes and UNC -15 probe for the presence of the cemento-enamel junction and step like defects according to Pini-Prato’s classification: A-, identifiable CEJ without defect; A+, identifiable CEJ with defect; B-, unidentifiable CEJ without defect, B+, unidentifiable CEJ with defect. Further a comprehensive electronic and hand search of pubmed indexed journals was performed to identify appropriate treatment modalities for these defects and their predictability following restorative/surgical or combination of both.ResultsA total of 1400 teeth with exposed root surfaces were examined (793 Maxillary; 607 mandibular). 499 teeth were A-, 405 were A+, 322 were B+ and 174 were B-. The distribution of these defects in different teeth was: 36% premolars, 32% molars, 21% incisors and 11% canines, collectively 68% in the aesthetic zone.ConclusionsMajority of these lesions are in the maxillary aesthetic zone. Hence the presence of the CEJ and the defect must be taken into account while managing these defects surgically. Key words:Cervical abrasion, gingival recession, magnification loupes, root coverage, step defects.

Highlights

Sometimes, even iatrogenic factors such as periodontal therapy [6] or movement of the teeth during orthodontic treatment may lead to gingival recession [4]
The classic studies by Löe H et al [7] on Sri Lankan tea labourers and Norwegian academicians suggested that dentallymotivated academicians had gingival recession on the Gingival recession is a well-documented consequence of periodontal disease [1]
In the Sri Lankan population, the recession started in early adult life, there was a greater evidence of recession occurring on all tooth surfaces with 70% of labial surfaces and 40%

Summary

Introduction

Even iatrogenic factors such as periodontal therapy [6] or movement of the teeth during orthodontic treatment may lead to gingival recession [4]. Several factors are responsible for gingival recession such as toothbrush trauma, [2] malposition of teeth in the arch, [3] thin tissue overlying the root surface [4] and muscle pull [5]. In the Sri Lankan population, the recession started in early adult life, there was a greater evidence of recession occurring on all tooth surfaces with 70% of labial surfaces and 40%. The purpose of this descriptive study was to observe the distribution of four different classes of noncarious cervical root surface discrepancies in teeth with gingival recession. To explore the different treatment modalities in the literature for each of these defects

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion