Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to examine how sub-urbanization creates poverty in the suburban areas of Bangladesh. The study focuses on the new urban poverty of the adjacent area of Dhaka where sub-urbanization is taking place. Data have been collected from the inhabitants of Savar municipality under Dhaka district in Bangladesh through semi-structured interview schedule. The paper reveals that the poor men face more extreme poverty and vulnerability than women in terms of their economic, cultural and social conditions. The study also explores that suburban poverty is mostly affected by the masculinization of poverty instead of the feminization of poverty. It contributes to understanding and analysis of the phenomenon of rapid urbanization in the developing country like Bangladesh and its social consequences as the formation of frequent suburban mess hall like slums and new forms of urban poverty. Finally, the suburban poor are largely dependent on their household, income, employment, medical facilities, and social networking. The paper also indicates that significant portions of the suburban dwellers are lived mostly in informal house and are living below the poverty lines.
Highlights
This study presents the following two research questions: 1. How many words of Latin or Greek origin are included in approximately 3,000 high-frequency Malay words?
Vocabularies of Greek and Latin origins represent the majority of English and Dutch loanwords in Malay
This study examined the benefits of basic Malay words of Latin and Greek origins, constructing an equivalent to the Oxford 3000TM list
Summary
The Malay language belongs to the Austronesian language family (Crystal, 2010). It has borrowed many words of European origin as a consequence of the colonization of Malaya (a major part of present-day Malaysia) by Portugal, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. An example of a Malay word of Portuguese origin is gereja (church), whose exact pronunciation is similar to greja. This word stems from the Portuguese noun igreja (church) (Jones, 2007), and its ultimate origin is ekklēsia (church) in Classical Greek. Majority of Malayan inhabitants were not Christians; gereja (church) was introduced to Malay as a foreign religious term
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