Abstract
Background: Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound (LITUS) may have a therapeutic effect on Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients to some extent. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and relaxation time T2∗ that indicate the integrity of fiber tracts and iron concentrations in brain tissue have been used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of LITUS.Purpose: This study aims to use FA and T2∗ values to evaluate the therapeutic effects of LITUS in a PD rat model.Materials and Methods: Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a hemi-PD group (n = 10) and a LITUS group (n = 10). Single-shot spin echo echo-planar imaging and fast low-angle shot T2WI sequences at 3.0 T were used. The FA and T2∗ values on the right side of the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta were measured to evaluate the therapeutic effect of LITUS in the rats.Results: One week after PD-like signs were induced in the rats, the FA value in the LITUS group was significantly larger compared with the PD group (0.214 ± 0.027 vs. 0.340 ± 0.032, t = 2.864, P = 0.011). At the 5th and 6th weeks, the FA values in the LITUS group were significantly smaller compared with the PD group (5th week: 0.290 ± 0.037 vs. 0.405 ± 0.027, t = 2.385, P = 0.030; 6th week: 0.299 ± 0.021 vs. 0.525 ± 0.028, t = 6.620, P < 0.0001). In the 5th and 6th weeks, the T2∗ values in the injected right SN of the LITUS group were significantly higher compared with the PD group (5th week, 12.169 ± 0.826 in the LITUS group vs. 7.550 ± 0.824 in the PD group; 6th week, 11.749 ± 0.615 in the LITUS group vs. 7.550 ± 0.849 in the PD group).Conclusion: LITUS had neuroprotective effects and can reduce the damage of 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in hemi-PD rats. The combination of FA and T2∗ assessments can potentially serve as a new and effective method to evaluate the therapeutic effects of LITUS.
Highlights
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that frequently occurs in older adults (Sy and Fernandez, 2020; Zhao F. et al, 2020; Zhao P. et al, 2020)
After the 6-OHDA injection, there was distinct apoptosis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)+-stained cells seen in the right substantia nigra (SN) in the hemi-PD rats
Studies have revealed that the number of TH+ cells in the SN decreased on the third day after the 6-OHDA injection, while the microglia and astrocytes proliferated to varying degrees, with the numbers peaking on the fourteenth day (Guiney et al, 2017)
Summary
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that frequently occurs in older adults (Sy and Fernandez, 2020; Zhao F. et al, 2020; Zhao P. et al, 2020). The classic clinical manifestations of PD include bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. These signs are caused primarily by the loss of dopamine (DA) in the striatum due to the progressive death or impairment of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta. For all patients with PD, treatment is symptomatic, focused on improvement in motor and non-motor signs and symptoms (Armstrong and Okun, 2020). The mainstay of PD treatment is pharmacological, primarily targeted at increasing dopaminergic activity in the nigrostriatal pathway (Armstrong and Okun, 2020). Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound (LITUS) may have a therapeutic effect on Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients to some extent. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and relaxation time T2∗ that indicate the integrity of fiber tracts and iron concentrations in brain tissue have been used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of LITUS.
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