Abstract
The aim of this paper is to perform an overall comparison of different network layouts for CDMA-based cellular radio access. Cellular network layout, including base station site locations and theoretical azimuth directions of antennas, can be defined by tessellations in order to achieve a continuous coverage of the radio network. Different tessellation types—triangle, square, and hexagon—result in different carrier-to-interference scenarios, and thus will provide nonequal system-level performance. This performance of a cellular network is strongly related to configuration parameters as base station antenna height, beamwidth, and sectoring. In this paper, a theoretical model is defined for the assessment, which includes numerical analysis and system-level simulations. A numerical analysis was performed first, and then system-level Monte-Carlo simulations were conducted to verify and to extend numerical results. The obtained results of the numerical analysis indicate that a hexagonal "clover-leaf" layout is superior, but the results of system-level simulation give similar performance for the triangular and square layouts. These results indicate also the importance of the antenna height optimization for all layouts. Moreover, the simulation results also pointed out that 6-sector configuration is superior both in coverage and in capacity compared to nominal 3-sector configuration that is typically preferred in coverage-related network deployments in practice.
Highlights
TO NETWORK LAYOUTSNew requirements for data communications in mobile networks have accelerated the evolution of the mobile communication systems
This evolution includes the change of radio access first from FDMA to TDMA, and from TDMA to CDMA for 3rd generation mobile technologies as UMTS or CDMA2000
Most recent and future planned mobile communication systems are based on CDMA and OFDMA, and it looks that it is commonly accepted that these access schemes are the most efficient ones
Summary
New requirements for data communications in mobile networks have accelerated the evolution of the mobile communication systems This evolution includes the change of radio access first from FDMA (frequency division multiple access) to TDMA (time division multiple access), and from TDMA to CDMA (code division multiple access) for 3rd generation mobile technologies as UMTS or CDMA2000. Recently 4th generation technologies as, for example, LTE (long-term evolution, generation from UMTS) and WiMAX (broadband access network) have adopted OFDMA radio access to their specifications. All these radio access schemes utilize frequencies or a certain frequency band slightly in a different manner, and a debate about which access scheme is the most efficient happens continuously. Each single hexagon, square, or triangle contained an omnidirectional site or a group of sectors, and sectorization was mentioned in [4]
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