Abstract
Extensions of fuzzy sets to broader contexts constitute one of the leading areas of research in the context of problems in artificial intelligence. Their aim is to address decision-making problems in the real world whenever obtaining accurate and sufficient data is not a straightforward task. In this way, spherical fuzzy sets were recently introduced as a step beyond to modelize such problems more precisely on the basis of the human nature, thus expanding the space of membership levels, which are defined under imprecise circumstances. The main goal in this study is to apply the spherical fuzzy set version of Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), a well-established multicriteria decision-making approach, in the context of planetary defense. As of the extraction of knowledge from a group of experts in the field of near-Earth asteroids, they rated four deflection technologies of asteroids (kinetic impactor, ion beam deflection, enhanced gravity tractor, and laser ablation) that had been previously assessed by means of the classical theory of fuzzy series. This way, a comparative study was carried out whose most significant results are the kinetic impactor being the most suitable alternative and the spherical fuzzy set version of the TOPSIS approach behaves more sensitively than the TOPSIS procedure for triangular fuzzy sets with regard to the information provided by our group of experts.
Highlights
Meteoroids reach the Earth mainly as small rocks and fragile aggregates which appear as a consequence of the decay of asteroids and comets
It is worth pointing out that the kinetic impactor (KI) alternative is consolidated as the best choice for active nearEarth asteroids (NEAs) deflection purposes
The results thrown by the SFS TOPSIS methodology coincide with all those presented in [19] when it was applied to the TFS TOPSIS approach with the same purpose
Summary
Meteoroids reach the Earth mainly as small rocks and fragile aggregates which appear as a consequence of the decay of asteroids and comets. In this way, the tiny dusts that arrive at the Earth each day amounts to a mean of approximately 100 tons [1]. It is true that larger objects will unlikely reach Earth’s orbit, a potential impactor may dramatically affect the life and the climate in our planet. In 1908, the fragmentation at a low altitude (5–10 km) of an asteroid with an estimated diameter d ∈ [30, 50] m destroyed around 2000 km of woodland [4], what was known as the Tunguska event. In 2013, a bolide with an estimated weight of 12000 tons and an estimated diameter of 19 m entered Earth’s atmosphere at a relative velocity of 19 km/s. e object broke up at an altitude of 30 km, injuring more than 1500 people [2, 5, 6]
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