Abstract
Aim: There are Conflicting reports on safety profile of nanoparticles on biological cells. This study evaluated the impact of nanosilver on hemocompatibility on salt-loaded rats. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats [(inbred) (120-140 g)] randomly divided into of 4 groups, (n = 6) were studied. Group 1(control) received normal rat chow and tap water, Group 2 received rat chow containing 8% NaCl [(salt-loaded rats (SLRs)]. Group 3 received rat chow + Nanosilver Solution (NS) 0.18 mL 10 ppm/kg/day. Group 4 comprised SLRs + NS. After 6 weeks oral gavage treatments, measurements of Blood pressure (Bp) and Heart Rate (HR) were by pressure transducer via cannulation of left common carotid artery following anaesthesia with urethane. HR was computed by the number of arterial pulse per 60 seconds. 5 ml of blood for WBC, PLATELETS, RBC, PCV, HB, MCH, MCHC and MCV analyses using automated haematology analyser and Osmotic fragility reactivity with standard spectrophotometer at 540 nm wavelength. Results: Exposure of nanosilver to normotensive rats resulted in significantly lower RBC level compared with control, whereas RBC level in Salt-Loaded Co-Treated Nanosilver (SCNS) was comparable with the SLRs. The tenet was the same for HB, PCV, MCH and MCHC. Nanosilver induced leukopenia in normotensive compared with control and prevented WBC elevation in SCNS. Platelets significantly increased in Nanosilver-Treated Normotensive Rats (NTNRs) compared with control and decreased in SCNS. Osmotic burst resistance increased in NTNRs and decreased in cells from treated groups. Conclusion: Chronic exposure of nanosilver to salt loaded rats alters haematological parameters which may worsen circulatory function and activate risk factors of cardiovascular disorders.
Highlights
The Erythrocytes or Red Blood Cells (RBCs) are the most abundant cellular constituents of blood that play key role in maintaining homeostasis in the internal milieu and provide ideal transport medium for delivery of a host of several organic and inorganic biological substances including drugs and nanoparticles to target sites
Exposure of nanosilver to normotensive rats resulted in significantly lower RBC level compared with control, whereas RBC level in Salt-Loaded Co-Treated Nanosilver (SCNS) was comparable with the SLRs
There was a leftward-shift of the curve with NS-treated cells in normotensive rats compared with the control; suggesting increase burst of osmotic resistance whereas there was a rightward-shift in the SLRs and the SLRs co-treated NS compared with the control
Summary
The Erythrocytes or Red Blood Cells (RBCs) are the most abundant cellular constituents of blood that play key role in maintaining homeostasis in the internal milieu and provide ideal transport medium for delivery of a host of several organic and inorganic biological substances including drugs and nanoparticles to target sites. This essential function of blood is linked to its unique properties of bioavailability, biocompatibility, and longevity in circulation [1]. Hypertension is a major factor in the pathogenesis of several diseases including chronic kidney disease, stroke, and increase incidence of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) the effects of highsodium salt intake on haematological parameters has not been fully characterised
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