Assessment of mycotoxin contamination in cereal-based baby foods destined for infant consumption in Brazil

Abstract

The presence of mycotoxins in cereal-based baby foods is undesirable, especially because infants are considered more vulnerable to toxin exposure than adults. In this context, this study evaluated the occurrence of multiple mycotoxins in 60 samples of cereal-based baby foods from Brazil and assessed the risk of the consumption of these products by children. Aflatoxins B1 and B2 (AFB1, AFB2), deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) and zearalenone (ZEN) were evaluated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results revealed that 98.3% of the samples were contaminated by at least one mycotoxin, with 80% of them demonstrating co-contamination. DON was detected in 80% of the samples, followed by 15-ADON (71.7%), 3-ADON (65%), ZEN (56.7%) and AFB1 (5%), with none of the samples contaminated by AFB2. The maximum concentrations found were 75.6 μg/kg for DON, 18.9 μg/kg for ZEN, 9.6 μg/kg for 15-ADON, 3.5 μg/kg for AFB1 and 2.8 μg/kg for 3-ADON. The occurrence of AFB1 was low, however, some products exceeded the limits established by the current regulations. Although the estimated daily intake (EDI) of DON, 3-ADON, 15-ADON and ZEN were below the safety values currently established, the margin of exposure (MOE) values for AFB1 indicate a concern for public health.