Abstract
Salinity is one of the major factors reducing plant growth and productivity worldwide and affects about 7% of world’s total land area. In India about 6.73 million hectare of land area is salt affected. Wheat is the second most important crop after rice in India and occupies approximately 28.5 million hectare area. Several tolerance indices comprising of mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), stress stability index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), yield index (YI) and yield stability index (YSI) were calculated in this investigation for salinity and its ability to understand which one or more predictor among studied indices based on correlation, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Ten wheat genotypes were evaluated in two successive growing seasons (2012-2014), with complete randomized design with three replications under both salinity stress and non-salinity to identify salt tolerant genotypes to the target environment. Multiple indices for salt tolerance were calculated based on the potential yield (Yp) under non-stress and yield (Ys) under stress conditions. The Ys and Yp showed highest significant and positive correlations with GMP, MP and STI among indices studied. Therefore, these indices were considered as a better predictor of Ys and Yp than TOL, SSI and YSI. Principal component analysis classified the genotypes into two groups. The first two PCs with eigen values >1 contributed 99.74% of the variability amongst genotypes. PC1 accounted for about 5.24% of the variation in salt tolerance indices and PC2 for 3.74%. The first PC was related to Ys, Yp, MP, GMP, STI and YI whereas the second PC related to Yp, TOL and SSI. The cluster analysis sequestrated ten genotypes into two clusters based on Ward’s method. According to results, salinity significantly reduced the yield of some genotypes while some were found tolerant to stress indicating sufficient genetic variability for salinity tolerance among the studied genotypes. It could be implicated in selection of salinity tolerant wheat genotypes for the development of bread wheat varieties.
Highlights
Among abiotic stress, salinity is one of the major factors reducing plant growth and productivity worldwide, and affects about 7% of world’s total land area (Flowers et al, 1997)
Several tolerance indices comprising of mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), stress stability index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), yield index (YI) and yield stability index (YSI) were calculated in this investigation for salinity and its ability to understand which one or more predictor among studied indices based on correlation, principal component analysis and cluster analysis
Salinity significantly reduced the yield of some genotypes while some were found tolerant to stress indicating sufficient genetic variability for salinity tolerance among the studied genotypes
Summary
Salinity is one of the major factors reducing plant growth and productivity worldwide, and affects about 7% of world’s total land area (Flowers et al, 1997). In India about 6.73 million hectare land area is salt affected out of which 3.77 and 2.96 million hectare are afflicted by sodicity and salinity, respectively (Mondal et al, 2010). Wheat is the second most important crop after rice in India and occupies approximately 28.5 million hectare area (Singh, 2012). According to estimates FAO (2006, 2007) and Rosegrant et al (2001), the global wheat production must increase by at least 1.6 per cent annually during 2010-2020 to meet a projected wheat demand of 760 million www.ccsenet.org/jas
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