Abstract
The DCDDaily-Q is an instrument that aims to comprehensively assess motor performance in a broad range of activities of daily living (ADL) and to identify risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in children. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the DCDDaily-Q into European Spanish (DCDDaily-Q-ES) and to test its psychometric properties in Spanish 5 to 10 year old children. The DCDDaily-Q was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Spanish following international guidelines. Two-hundred and seventy-six parents of typically developing Spanish children completed the final version of the DCDDaily-Q-ES (M = 7.5 years, SD = 1.7; girls = 50%). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), internal consistency, and corrected item-total correlations were conducted to test construct validity, internal consistency, and homogeneity of the DCDDaily-Q-ES. The DCDDaily-Q-ES achieved good semantic, conceptual, and cultural equivalence. CFA supported construct validity of the DCDDaily-Q-ES. Reliability values were also good (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.703–0.843; corrected item-total correlations = 0.262–0.567). This is the first study to cross-culturally adapt and examine the DCDDaily-Q outside the Netherlands. The findings suggest that the DCDDaily-Q-ES is a reliable and valid measure to assess learning, participation, and performance in a broad range of ADL.
Highlights
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in children, as it is present in 5–6% of schoolchildren [1,2]
Consent to cross-culturally adapt and validate the DCDDaily-Q to European Spanish was received from the original developers, while ethical approval was obtained from the Autonomic Research
Both translators found the items of DCDDaily-Q easy to translate (T1 = 1.9, SD = 0.7; T2 = 0.6, SD = 0.7) (Table 2)
Summary
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in children, as it is present in 5–6% of schoolchildren [1,2]. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), a child should be diagnosed with DCD if (criterion A) the acquisition and performance of their coordination motor skills are substantially below that expected for their chronological age and opportunity for skill learning and use; (criterion B). This motor skills deficit significantly and persistently interferes with participation in activities of daily living (ADL), including self-care, school productivity or fine motor activities, and leisure or gross motor play activities; (criterion C) the motor skills deficit occurs in the early developmental period; Int. J. Public Health 2020, 17, 4802; doi:10.3390/ijerph17134802 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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