Assessment of Microbial Quality and Aflatoxin Levels of Akpu and Garri Sold in Some Selected Markets in Makurdi, Benue State -Nigeria

Abstract

Microbial and aflatoxin studies of garri and akpu cassava in Makurdi–Nigeria were assessed for microbial and aflatoxin levels. Total valuable bacteria counts (TVBC) of 1.0x105 (cfu/g) were recorded in garri in all the markets. Total valuable fungi counts (TVFC) of 2.0x105 (cfu/g) were also recorded in garri from North Bank and Kanshio markets while Wurukum garri had TVFC of 3.0x105 (cfu/g). No TVBC and TVFC were detected in the controlled garri. Akpu from North Bank, Kanshio and Wurukum markets had 3.6x105 (cfu/g), 6.5x105 and 3.2x105 TVBC, respectively; while TVFC were 2.0x105 for akpu purchased from North Bank and Kanshio markets. No TVFC were recorded in Akpu from Wurukum and the control. No coliforms were detected in either of the samples. 3 fungi isolates (Mucar spp, Candida and Aspergillus niger) and 3bacteria isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus albus and Bacillus subtilis) were isolated. 0.13 and 0.40 ppm aflatoxin were only found in garri sold in North Bank market and the control, respectively. Akpu sold in Wurukum recorded the highest aflatoxin level, 4.90 ppm. The presence of microbial isolates and aflatoxin in the samples pose major threats to the consumers. Adequate hygienic practices by these food product handlers are recommended.