Assessment of Metabolic syndrome among adult human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients in a tertiary health facility in Southeast Nigeria

Abstract

Context: Metabolic syndrome (MS) on the background of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has not been reported from Southeast Nigeria. Aims: We sought to determine the prevalence of MS among HIV-infected Nigerians seen at the Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, its correlation with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and other demographics. A total of 105 HAART-treated and 60 HAART-naοve patients were reviewed. Settings and Design: This study was cross-sectional, and the data were prospectively collected. Methodology: They were matched for sex and age. Anthropometric data including current weight and height, waist circumference, blood pressure, as well as blood lipids and fasting glucose were measured. MS was determined using National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS version 17.0 (Chicago IL, USA) was used for data collection and analysis. Results: There was 24.3% overall prevalence of MS in the study population, 28.8% in HAART-treated, and 25% in HAART-naive patients (P = 0.554). The prevalence of MS components was as follows: hypertension (49.7%), impaired fasting glucose (9.62%), hypertriglyceridemia (32.0%), low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (44.2%), and central obesity (22.1%). Correlation of MS with female gender was highly significant (r = −0.306, P = 0.002). Conclusions: MS was not significantly associated with the use of HAART in our patients but correlated with female gender.