Assessment of macronutrients dietary intake, central adiposity among pre- and postmenopausal Egyptian women with benign and malignant breast tumors

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most frequent cancer in women and the second most common cancer worldwide. Lifestyle factors, like body weight, physical activity and diet, may be accompanying with higher BC risk. The assessment of macronutrients dietary intake; protein, fat, carbohydrates and their components of amino, fatty acids, and central obesity/adiposity among pre- and postmenopausal Egyptian women with benign and malignant breast tumors. The current case control study included 222 women: 85 control, 54 benign and 83 breast cancer patients. Clinical, anthropocentric and biomedical examinations were performed. Dietary history and health attitude were done. The anthropometric parameters including waist circumference (WC) and the body mass index (BMI) of the benign and the women with malignant breast lesions showed the highest values when compared to the control (35.45±15.58km2 and 101.24±15.01cm, 31.39±6.77km2 and 98.85±13.53cm and 27.51±7.10km2 and 84.33±13.78cm). The biochemical parameters revealed high concentration of the total cholesterol (TC) (192.83±41.54mg/dl), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (117.88±35.18mg/dl) and the median insulin level 13.8 (10.2-24.1) μu/ml in the malignant patients with high significant difference compared to the control. The malignant patients had the highest daily caloric intake (795.84±519.95K calories) proteins (65.39±28.77g), total fats (69.09±32.15g) and carbohydrates (196.70±85.35g), when compared to the control. Data also revealed the high daily consumption of the different types of the fatty acids with high linoleic/linoleinic ratio among the malignant group (14.284±6.25). Branched chain amino acids (BGAAs), sulphur amino acids (SAAs), conditional amino acids (CAAs) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) proved to be the highest in this group. Correlation coefficient between the risk factors revealed either positive or negative weak correlation except that between serum LDL-C concentration and the amino acids (isoleucine, valine cysteine, tryptophan and tyrosine) and negative association with the protective polyunsaturated fatty acids. Participants with breast cancer had the greatest levels of body fatness and unhealthy feeding habits relative to their high calorie, protein, carbohydrate, and fat intake.