Abstract
Social and economical damages are the most important damages of the bridge failure. Stability problems of such structures against failure and the depth of the abutments are directly related to the amount of the adjusted scour. Economy, reliability and stability have been the main concerns on enhancing the designing of abutment bridges to prevent or reduce embankement scour. In this study a detailed comparison of the researches on scour at abutment bridge are presented including all possible aspects and scour depth estimation formulae. The experimental data for prediction the abutment local scour depth were investigated. Statistical and graphical analysis allow to recommend the most accurate formula in prediction scour depth at the abutment bridges. Availability of additional data and further analysis would allow promoting the bridge abutment design and decreasing the bridges’ construction and maintenance cost by increasing the accuracy of the footing depth design.
Highlights
Abutments are structures at the two ends of bridge which acquit double objectives of transferring the loads from the superstructure to the foundation bed and giving sidelong support to the approach embankment
Where, y = yC − y, f = fC − f, yC are observed values, y is the mean of yC, yC is the predicted value, f is the mean of fC, n is the number of samples and eC = ÉfC −
It appears that the Melville (1992) and Laursen (1963) formulas give reasonable prediction, while the Yanmaz (2007b), Kouchakzadeh (1996), Liu et al (1961) and Oliveto et al (2002) formulas appear to over-predict
Summary
Abutments are structures at the two ends of bridge which acquit double objectives of transferring the loads from the superstructure to the foundation bed and giving sidelong support to the approach embankment. Dependability and strength are the advantages of the bridge structure without movement joints at the junction of the deck on the abutments, named joint-less or abutment bridges. This kind of bridge is feasible alternative for the conventional bridges. Load capacity happen because of an ever-increasing demand for a larger volume of traffic and heavier trucks and scour occurs because of the erosive action of flowing water. Scouring excavates and carries away materials from streambeds and banks bridge foundations by the normal flowing water or flood. Scour rate may be greatly affected by the presence of structures encroaching on the channel, the shear stress generated by the flowing water on the streambed is the basic erosive stress. Scour reaches its equilibrium status when these two stresses get balanced
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